ื‘ืจืื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ยป ื‘ืจืื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ืจื ืœ ยป ื›ืœื›ืœื” ยป ืœื›ื™ื“ื” ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“
ืชืคื™ืกื” ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช

ืœื›ื™ื“ื” ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื“

ืฉืชืฃ | ื”ื“ืคืก | ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ

ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”-COVID. ืœื›ื™ื“ื” ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืกืžื›ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืžื’ื™ืคื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.

ื”ื ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื—ื” ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ืื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: 

ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืžื“ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ื ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืฉื’ื•ื™. ืขื•ื“ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืงืฆืจื”:

  • FDA ืขื‘ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืœืขื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ื’'ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื‘ืกืš 56,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉื ื”, ื•"ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืจืช ืชืช-ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืงืœื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”". ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช, ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” 10-0 ื ื’ื“ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”. ื”-FDA ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ.
  • ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื”... ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืืช ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ 107 ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”-FDA ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืฆื ืฉ-62% ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืžื™ืฆืจื ื™ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ 25% ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืขืœ 100 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•-6% ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ. ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืคืื ืœ ื•ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
  • ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 17 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ).
  • ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืง"ืก ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020 ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืœ-COVID-19 "ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื" (ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ!), ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืžืคืงื—ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019 ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืกื•, ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ืžืกื” ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื (ืจืื” ื”ืฉืจืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืขืžื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืง"ืก):
ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคืช ืžื’ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืจืคืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื˜ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืฆ'ื™ื ื’ื“ืื•, ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉืื ื“ื•ื ื’, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ. ืจื•ื™ื˜ืจืก
  • ืื ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื›ืš ืฉ-WHO ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆืคื” ื‘ื–ื” ืงืœื™ืค.
  • ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017, ื ื—ืฉืฃ ื›ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”-CDC ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืฅ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืกืชืจ ืขื ืงื•ืงื” ืงื•ืœื”, ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ "ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช".
  • ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืื•ืฆ'ื™ ื•ื”-NIH, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื–ื” ื“"ืจ ื›ืจื™ืก ืžืจื˜ื ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืกืจื• ืฉืœ Fauci. ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื•ื”ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“.

ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื”? 

ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ื•ื. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืคืฉื™ื–ื, ืงื•ืจืคืจื˜ื™ื–ื, ืžืจืงื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื–ื, ืคืจื•ื˜ืงืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื... ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืืจื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช. ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื•.

ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืฉืœื”, Merck, ื”ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืชื—ืช ืคื˜ื ื˜. ืžืจืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื”. ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืขื ืงื• ืœืชืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื–ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžืจืง ื’ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื›ืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืžื™ ื‘-COVID, ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืžืžื ืช 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืžื—ืงืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.

ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—, ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื ื’ื“ COVID-19 ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืืคืจื™ืœ 2020 ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”. ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ื”-FDA, ืงื™ื™ืžืช 40 ืฉื ื”, ื–ื›ืชื” ื ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉืœื” ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช, ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช. 

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™, ื” ื”-FDA ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืœ ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-COVID-19, ืžืืœืฅ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืืฉื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• 615 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020. ืืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช FOIA ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื.

ื”- FDA ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ื™ "ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช". ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื“ COVID-19. ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืงืจ ื›ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ACTIV-6 ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ NIH, ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื— ืœ-NIH ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.

ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื–ืจื™ืžื• ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื˜ื ื˜. ื” NIH ืžื™ืžืŸ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ remdesivir, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขื Gilead, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ. ื”-FDA ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช remdesivir ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช EUA ืœืžืจื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” "remdesivir ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช". ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขื ืงื™ืช ืคืืจืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—, ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื” ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”-FDA ืื™ื ื• ืžืืฉืจ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื”ืกืก ืœืจืฉื•ื ืžืจืฉื. ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”-FDA ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ืžืื•ื“, ืขื ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื 19 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขื ืง ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื—ืกืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•. ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืืžื ื ืงืฉื”, ืืš ืืคืฉืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื ืš ื•ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื. 

ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืืฉื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื’ ื˜ืง.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืจื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืืกืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื›ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช:

ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืคืชื•ื—ื”.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื. ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020. ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื’ื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ืกื’ืจื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช, ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื ื™ื, ื 14 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืขื‘ ืขืงื‘ ืกื’ื™ืจื•ืช (ื™ืฉ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”), ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืžืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืืจื•ื›ื”...

ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2020, ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง ื ื›ืฉืœื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืœื ื“ื™ื›ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ? ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฉื‘ื•ืจื” - ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื ื’ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. 

ื’ืจืกื” ื–ื• ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื ื” 



ืคื•ืจืกื ืชื—ืช ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ Creative Commons ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก 4.0
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืคืกื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื•ื ื™ ืœืžืงื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ.

ืžึฐื—ึทื‘ึผึตืจ

ืœืชืจื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื

ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœืš ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืžืฅ, ืฉื˜ื•ื”ืจื• ื•ื ืขืงืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคืš ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•. ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.

ื”ื™ืจืฉื ืœ-Brownstone ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช

ื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขื ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ